Moody's Lowers Ratings of Four U.S. Banks After Review

``Morgan Stanley (MS), Goldman Sachs Group Inc. (GS), JPMorgan Chase & Co. (JPM) and Bank of New York Mellon Corp. had their senior holding company ratings lowered one level yesterday after Moody's concluded a review of eight U.S. banks that began in August... "Rather than relying on public funds to bail out one of these institutions, we expect that bank holding company creditors will be bailed-in and thereby shoulder much of the burden to help recapitalize a failing bank."